It has also been used as a lighter and less volatile source of heat for cooking (i.e., “charcoal” grills) in countries where electricity is not widely available and people use fuel such as this to cook with or heat their homes (Schobert, H.H., Energy, and Society: An Introduction, 2002, Taylor & Francis: New York). In indigenous cultures in South America, the material was ignited and then covered with soil to reduce the oxygen available to the material – it left a high carbon material that could stabilize and enrich the soil to add nutrients (, (n.d.), Retrieved from ). Pyrolysis was initially utilized to produce charcoal.
potential to produce chemicals from bio-based resources – environmental & economic potentials.conversion of low energy in biomass into high energy density liquid fuels – environmental & economic potentials.self-sustaining energy – economic potential.
The composition of the primary products made will depend on the temperature, pressure, and heating rate of the process. The process produces gases, bio-oil, and a char, and as noted in Lesson 4, is one of the first steps in gasification or combustion. So, what is pyrolysis? There are several definitions depending on the source, but essentially it is a thermochemical process, conducted at 400-600☌ in the absence of oxygen. Direct liquefaction (particularly hydrothermal processing) occurs in a non-oxidative atmosphere, where biomass is fed into a unit as an aqueous slurry at lower temperatures, and bio-crude in liquid form is the product. Gasification takes place in an oxygen-lean atmosphere, with a high operating temperature, and gaseous products being the main target (syngas production in most cases). For combustion, the material is in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, at a very high operating temperature, with heat as the targeted output. There are differences in each of the thermal processes.
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